Psa 8:1 To the chief musician, on the harp. A Psalm of David. O LORD, our Lord, how majestic is Your name in all the earth; You have set Your glory above (על ‘al’ – above/on/upon) the heavens!
His Glory is seen in the heavens…What is the Glory of YHWH? The Lamb of God (Revelation 21:23). The Hebrew word for Glory is כבד ‘kavod’ which comes from the root כב ‘kab’ which means a star:
Psa 8:2 Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings, You have ordained strength, because of the ones distressing You, to cause the enemy and the avenger to cease.
Psa 8:3 When I look upon Your heavens, the work of Your fingers: the moon and the stars which You have fixed;
The work of His fingers is linked to His Word
Exo 31:18 And when He finished speaking with him on Mount Sinai, He gave to Moses the two tablets of the testimony, tablets of stone, written by the finger of God.
Psa 33:6 Through the Word of the LORD the heavens were made; and all their host were made by the breath of His mouth.
Psa 19:1 To the chief musician. A Psalm of David. The heavens are recounting (ספר ‘saphar’) the glory of God, and the expanse proclaiming His handiwork.
The word translated here as recounting/declare is from the Hebrew ספר ‘saphar’ which is the word used to translate ‘scroll.’
The Scriptures connect the heavens to a scroll
Rev 6:14 And the heaven departed like a scroll being rolled up. And every mountain and island were moved out of their places.
Isa 34:4 And all the host of the heavens shall be dissolved, and the heavens shall be rolled together like a scroll. Then all their host shall droop, as a leaf drooping from the vine, and as the drooping from a fig tree.
There are 66 words in these two verses corresponding with the 66 books in the Scriptures…
Paul equates the heavens with the Word/Gospel
Rom 10:16 But not all obeyed the gospel, for Isaiah says, “Lord, who has believed our report?” Isa. 53:1
Rom 10:17 Then faith is of hearing, and hearing through the Word of God.
Rom 10:18 But I say, Did they not hear? Yes, rather, “into all the earth their voice went out, and to the ends of the world their words.” LXX-Psa. 18:5; MT-Psa. 19:4
Psa 19:1 To the chief musician. A Psalm of David. The heavens are recounting the glory (Messiah is the Glory Revelation 21:23) of God, and the expanse proclaiming His handiwork.
Psa 19:2 Day by day they pour forth (a flowing out from within, related to נבא ‘nava’ – prophecy) speech (אמר ‘omer’ from root מל ‘mal’ – word), and night to night reveals (חוה ‘chavah’ this is the name of ‘Eve’ the bride) knowledge.
On a deeper level verse 2 is stating that the sun, moon and stars and their courses are prophesying the Word and revealing knowledge of the bride. The movement of the heavenly bodies teach the Gospel of Messiah and His bride (the Seed).
Psa 19:3 There is no speech, nor are there words where their voice is not heard.
Psa 19:4 Their voice is gone out into all the earth, and their words to the ends of the world.
Psa 19:5 and he comes forth like a bridegroom from his canopy. He rejoices like a hero to run a race;
Psa 19:6 his going forth from the end of the heavens, and his orbit to their ends; and nothing is hidden from his heat.
Notice the following verses in Psalm 19 speak of the Torah, linking the Scroll in heaven to the Scroll on earth
Psa 19:7 The Law of YHWH is perfect, converting the soul. The Testimony of YHWH is sure, making the simple wise.
Psa 19:8 The precepts of YHWH are right, rejoicing the heart. The commands of YHWH are pure, giving light to the eyes.
Psa 19:9 The fear of YHWH is clean, enduring forever. The judgments of YHWH are true, they are righteous altogether.
Psa 19:10 They are more precious than gold, even much fine gold, and sweeter than honey and drops from the honeycomb.
Psa 19:11 Also Your servant is warned by them; in keeping of them is great reward.
There are two Hebrew words for moon, the first is ירח ‘yareach’ which points to the path the moon follows each day and month.
The moon follows the same horizon to horizon path as the sun each day. The path of the sun, moon and stars teaches the Gospel. It was declared that Jesus is the Son by the resurrection.
Rom 1:1 Paul, a slave of Jesus Christ, a called apostle, separated to the gospel of God,
Rom 1:2 which He promised before through His prophets in the holy Scriptures,
Rom 1:3 concerning His Son who came of the seed of David according to flesh,
Rom 1:4 who was marked out {ὁρίζω ‘horizō’} the Son of God in power, according to the Spirit of holiness, by the resurrection of the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord;
The word translated as ‘marked out’ is ὁρίζω ‘horizō’ which is the source of the English word ‘horizon.’ This word is the root προορίζω ‘proorizō’ which is translated as ‘predestination’ as we are chosen before the foundation of the world (Ephesians 1:4). In Hebrew this is the concept of עלם ‘olam’ which is usually translated as forever or eternity but in concrete thought means ‘beyond the horizon.’
The word for time in Hebrew, עת ‘et,’ means to ‘see the mark’ is displayed in the rising of the sun on the horizon. עת ‘et’ pictographically means to ‘see the cross’, and in ancient Hebrew thinking meant to ‘see the mark.’ What is this ‘mark’? It is the sun setting (death) and rising (resurrection) above the horizon.
The English word ‘moon’ traces back to the root ‘me’ which means to measure, in reference to the moon being used to measure time. Isaac Mozeson traces this word back further to the Hebrew word מנה ‘maneh’ which has the same meaning of measuring time. Further linking this together is the Greek word μήν ‘men’ which means month.
The second Hebrew word for moon is לבן ‘lavan’ which points to the full moon. The corresponding Greek word for the moon is σελήνη ‘selene’ which means brightness and beauty.
Son 6:10 Who is she that looketh forth as the morning, fair as the moon, clear as the sun, and terrible as an army with banners?
The Moon
As mentioned before, the Hebrew word for moon is ירח ‘yereach.’
ירח ‘yereach’ comes from the root רח ‘rach’ which means a prescribed path.
The moon follows a prescribed path through the sky each day. It is the exact same, east to west path that the sun follows. This is because the moon is a representation of the bride of Messiah who is to follow in His footsteps (1 John 2:6). Believers follow Messiah through the Holy Spirit (John 16:13). The word for Spirit in Hebrew is רוח ‘ruach’ which comes from the above mentioned root רח ‘rach.’
The light of the moon comes from the sun, just as the light of believers comes from Messiah.
Mat 5:14 Ye are the light of the world. A city that is set on an hill cannot be hid.
Mat 5:15 Neither do men light a candle, and put it under a bushel, but on a candlestick; and it giveth light unto all that are in the house.
Phi 2:13 For it is God which worketh in you both to will and to do of his good pleasure.
Phi 2:14 Do all things without murmurings and disputings:
Phi 2:15 That ye may be blameless and harmless, the sons of God, without rebuke, in the midst of a crooked and perverse nation, among whom ye shine as lights in the world;
2Co 4:6 For God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ.
Another word in Hebrew translated as moon is לבן ‘lavan.’
לבן ‘laban’ comes from the root בן ‘ben,’ which means ‘Son.’
Exo 4:22 And you shall speak to Pharaoh, So says YHWH, My son, My first-born is Israel.
לבן ‘laban’ means white and is applied to the moon because of the light that it receives from the sun. The surface of the moon is actually very dark, much like coal. Again this points to the body of Messiah. In and of ourselves we have no righteousness, no light. It is only when we receive the Light of the Word that we can be white. The moon reflects as white because the light it is receiving from the sun is white. The Sun’s color is white, although from the surface of the Earth it may appear yellow because of atmospheric scattering. The sun is white because it contains all the colors of the spectrum. The 7 colors correspond to the 7 Spirits of YHWH, revealed through Messiah Jesus.
The light of the sun and moon are shadows of the Most High.
Isa 30:26 And the moonlight shall be like the light of the sun. And the sun’s light shall be sevenfold, as the light of seven days, in the day of binding up, YHWH binding the break of His people, and healing the wound of His blow.
Isa 30:27 Behold, the name of YHWH comes from afar; His anger burns; and is heavy as the uplifting of smoke; His lips are full of fury, and His tongue like a devouring fire.
Isa 30:28 And like an overflowing torrent, His breath shall divide to the neck, to sift the nations with the sieve of vanity, and a misleading bridle on the jaws of the peoples.
Isa 30:29 The song shall be to you, as the night when the feast is sanctified, and gladness of heart, as one going with the flute, to come into the mount of YHWH, to the Rock of Israel.
Isa 30:30 And YHWH shall make the majesty of His voice heard; and He causes His arm to be seen coming down with raging anger and flame of consuming fire, cloudburst and storm, and hailstones.
Isa 30:31 For through the voice of YHWH, Assyria shall be crushed, the rod with which He strikes.
Isa 60:19 The sun shall not still be your light by day, or the brightness of the moon give you light; but YHWH shall be for everlasting light to you, and your God for your beauty.
Isa 60:20 Your sun shall not go in any more, and your moon shall not be removed; for YHWH will become your everlasting light; and the days of your mourning shall end.
Isa 60:21 And your people shall all be righteous; they shall possess the earth forever, a branch of My planting, a work of My hands, to beautify Myself.
Isa 60:22 A little one shall become a thousand and a small one a strong nation. I, YHWH, will hasten it in its time.
Isa 24:23 Then the moon shall blush, and the sun shall be ashamed, when YHWH of Hosts shall reign in Mount Zion and in Jerusalem; and before His elders is His glory.
Rev 21:22 And I saw no temple in it, for the Lord God Almighty is its temple, even the Lamb.
Rev 21:23 And the city had no need of the sun, nor of the moon, that they might shine in it, for the glory of God illuminated it, even its lamp is the Lamb.
Rev 21:24 And the nations of the ones saved will walk in its light; and the kings of the earth bring their glory and honor into it.
Rev 21:25 And its gates may not at all be shut by day, for no night will be there.
Rev 21:26 And they will bring the glory and the honor of the nations into it.
Rev 21:27 And all profaning may not at all enter into it, or any making an abomination or a lie; but only the ones having been written in the Book of Life of the Lamb.
Rev 22:5 And night will not be there; and they have no need of a lamp or a light of the sun, because the Lord God will illumine them. And they shall reign to the ages of the ages.
Moon & Feasts
Psa 104:19 He made the moon for seasons; the sun knows its going down.
The relation between the moon and the bride of Messiah is further seen in the word ‘seasons’ which in Hebrew is מועד ‘moed.’ This word is related to the feasts and the calendar but also a collection of people.
The Tabernacle, which is a picture of Messiah and also of His body, is called the אהל מועד ‘ohel moed’ the tent of meeting.
The Feasts
Lev 23:2 Speak to the sons of Israel, and you shall say to them, The appointed feasts {מועד ‘mo`ed’} YHWH which you shall proclaim, holy gatherings {מקרא ‘miqra’ -related to calendar to below}, shall be these: These are My appointed seasons (מועד ‘mo`ed’):
The Feasts are designed to reveal the Messiah
YHWH’s plan for the salvation of humanity is shown by the seven feasts He gave to ancient Israel in Leviticus 23. He told the people to celebrate these feasts as “lasting ordinances.” The seven feasts are patterns that describe the two comings of Jesus the Messiah.
The Spring Feasts picture the 1st coming of the Messiah. The Fall Feasts picture His 2nd coming corresponding to the rains in Israel.
Hos 6:3 Then shall we know, if we follow on to know the LORD: his going forth is prepared as the morning; and he shall come unto us as the rain, as the latter (spring) and former (autumn) rain unto the earth.
Sabbath…7th day of rest….picture of the thousand year reign of Messiah
Passover…death and forgiveness…Lamb of God John 1:29…entering door of the Tabernacle/Temple
Unleavened bread…burial (old sinful life)….Unleavened Bread of Life John 6:51…burnt offering/dying to old life
First Fruits…Resurrection….First Fruits 1 Corinthians 15:20
Pentecost…Yahshua/Jesus sent the Holy Spirit on the Feast of Weeks (Pentecost), 1o commandments given in Exodus Act 2:1-4…brazen laver, washing w/ water/Word Ephesians 5:26
Feast of Trumpets….Resurrection of dead…Last trump 1 Corinthians 15:52; 1 Thessalonians 4:16…assembling at the Tabernacle/Temple Numbers 10:2
Day of Atonement…Jubilee, Messiah’s feet on Mt. of Olives receiving of inheritance, wedding feast, reconciliation…Revelation 19…new clothing
Tabernacles…Messianic era…Revelation 21:3…dwelling in Mishkan
Last Great Day…New heavens & earth…Revelation 22
His Sabbaths and feasts are a sign that YHWH is the Creator
Exo 31:16 And the sons of Israel shall observe the Sabbath, to do the Sabbath for their generations; it is a never ending covenant.
Exo 31:17 It is a sign between me and the children of Israel for ever: for in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, and on the seventh day he rested, and was refreshed.
His people are witnesses that He is the Savior
Isa 43:10 You are My witnesses (עד ‘ad’ the root of the word מועד ‘moed’), says YHWH; and My servant whom I have elected; that you may know and believe Me, and understand that I am He. Before Me there was no God formed; nor shall any be after Me.
Isa 43:11 I, I am YHWH; and there is no Savior besides Me.
Calendar
The word calendar comes from the Greek word καλέω ‘kaleo’:
G2564
καλέω
kaleō
Thayer Definition:
1) to call
1a) to call aloud, utter in a loud voice
1b) to invite
2) to call, i.e. to name, by name
2a) to give a name to
2a1) to receive the name of, receive as a name
2a2) to give some name to one, call his name
2b) to be called, i.e. to bear a name or title (among men)
2c) to salute one by name
Part of Speech: verb
A Related Word by Thayer’s/Strong’s Number: akin to the base of G2753
Notice that the word for calendar traces back to a Greek word which means to call out a name or to bear a name. This is what the Biblical calendar is designed to do. To proclaim the Name of Jesus, to reveal His character by shadow pictures that are done each year during the Spring and Fall feasts which reveal His first and second comings as well as the 12 ‘signs’ of the zodiac which the sun traverses through each year which tells the gospel.
This Greek word traces back to the Hebrew word קרא ‘qara’.
From the root:
Calling upon the Name is to reveal His presence.
YHWH proclaimed the name of YHWH whenever He physically manifested Himself to Israel.
Exo 33:17 And YHWH said to Moses, This thing which you have spoken I will do. For you have found favor in My eyes, and I know you by name.
Exo 33:18 And he said, I pray, let me see Your glory.
Exo 33:19 And He said, I will cause all My goodness to pass before your face. And I will call out the name of YHWH before your face. And I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy.
Exo 33:20 And He said, You are not able to see My face; for no man can see Me and live.
Exo 33:21 And YHWH said, Behold, a place by Me! And you shall stand on a rock.
Exo 33:22 And as My glory is passing it will be that I will put you in a cleft of the rock; and I will cover My hand over you during My passing.
Exo 33:23 And I will remove My hand, and you shall see My back; but My face cannot be seen.
Exo 34:5 And YHWH came down in the cloud. And he placed himself there with Him, and he called on the name of YHWH.
Exo 34:6 And YHWH passed by before his face and called out: YHWH! YHWH God! Merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and great in goodness and truth,
Exo 34:7 keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, and not leaving entirely unpunished, visiting the iniquity of fathers on sons, and on sons of sons, to the third and to the fourth generation.
Exo 34:8 And Moses hurried and bowed to the earth and worshiped.
קרא ‘qara’ is the Hebrew word for read… the Torah is the “physical” manifestation of YHWH on the earth. When YHWH “qara’d” He physically manifested Himself, and proclaimed who/what He is. This is what the reading of the Torah does. The Torah proclaims the Name of the Holy One, as it is said in Revelation 19, His Name (שם ‘shem’ – character) is the Word.
This is why the Torah is traditionally read in a cyclical fashion. It follows the same principle as the sun, moon and stars in their paths. The sabbaths/feasts are called מקרא קדש ‘miqra kodesh’, usually translated as ‘holy gatherings’. מקרא ‘miqra,’ comes from the same root as קרא ‘qara.’ The sabbaths are cyclical gatherings where His people come together to קרא ‘qara’ or call upon His name.
Calling upon His Name is linked to Salvation (ישועה ‘yeshuah’)
Psa 91:14 Because He has set His love on Me, therefore I will deliver Him; I will set Him on high because He has known My name.
Psa 91:15 He shall call on Me and I will answer Him; I will be with Him in distress; I will rescue Him and honor Him.
Psa 91:16 I will satisfy him with length of days, and will make Him see My salvation (ישועה ‘yeshuah’).
Psa 50:15 And call on Me in the day of distress, and I will save you; and you shall glorify Me.
Psa 50:23 Whoever offers thanks glorifies Me; and he who prepares a way, I will show the salvation of God to him.
Psa 18:3 I will call on YHWH, who is to be praised; and I shall be saved from my enemies.
Psa 55:16 I, even I, will call to God, and YHWH will save me.
Rom 10:13 For everyone, “whoever may call on the name of the Lord will be saved.” Joel 2:32
Act 2:21 “And it shall be that everyone who shall call on the name of the Lord will be saved.” Joel 2:28-32
‘Molad’
The Sun & moon are ‘one’ at the new moon (twinkling of eye)
“Rabbi Nathan Bushwick writes in his book, “Understanding the Jewish Calendar,” page 71, “As the moon moves around the Earth, there is one moment it is exactly between the Earth and the sun. At that moment the Earth faces the dark side of the moon. Already for about a day before this moment the moon has not been visible from any point on the Earth and it will remain invisible for about a day more. This moment is call the molad [mean], the birth of the new moon. We (Jews) use the molad as the official beginning and end point of the cycle of the moon.” Molad is Hebrew for the word “birth or renewal.”
Maimonides states that: “the new moon is defined as the ‘moment in which the sun and moon, in their uniform motion, become conjoined in a certain part of the sky, which occurs in the same way everywhere in different areas” (Sanctification of the New Moon, Bk 3, trtse. 8, p. 89, ch 6).
This is also called the ‘twinkling of the eye’
Rabbi Eliezer describes the molad (conjunction) as a “twinkling of an eye” in Rabbi Eliezer-The Course of the Moon p55
1Co 15:52 In a moment, in a glance of an eye, at the last trumpet; for a trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised incorruptible, and we shall all be changed.
The resurrection is at the twinkling of an eye. The righteous will bud forth and fly when there is “no moon”.
Psa 72:7 In His days the righteous shall flourish (bud, fly-the resurrection), and plenty of peace, till the moon is not (בלי ירח ‘beliy yareach’ when there is no moon, ie the molad/conjunction).
Flourish = פרח ‘parach’:
On a deeper level, this link between birth/resurrection and the molad/conjunction is seen at Golgotha during the crucifixion of Messiah where the sun was darkened (Luke 23:45). In the natural, the sun is only darkened during a solar eclipse which can only occur during the conjunction between the sun and moon. It is at this time, when the sun was darkened that the bride of Messiah was born. Just as Eve came forth from the side of Adam when he slept (death), so too the bride of Messiah came forth from His side when blood and water fell at Calvary.
On an even deeper level, this link between the molad/conjunction and birth/rebirth is seen in the word חדש ‘chodesh’ which means renewal and is applied to the new moon/month. חדש ‘chodesh’ comes from חד ‘chad.’
חד ‘chad’ means unity and is the picture of two becoming one. This happens when a man and woman come together and ‘know’ each other. This is connected with the new moon and the sun and moon coming together to become ‘one.’ The Hebrew word for the male privy is ארך ‘arak’ which is the same word for the shaft of the Menorah. On a deeper level this shows that light going into darkness is when חד ‘chad’ takes place.
Further illustrating this is the word menorah itself. It comes from the Hebrew word נר ‘ner’ which is seen when farmers plow their fields in order to plant seed. The ground that is broken up is saturated with water and the light that reflects from the sun is what נר ‘ner’ means. Light comes forth from darkness as is seen in Genesis 1 and in the moon cycles. The seed is planted in the earth, which is likened to a womb according to David in Psalm 139:15.
On another level this represents being born again. The Biblical definition of being born again begins when He plants His seed (His Word) in our hearts. The seed must die and be born again into a new creature. This is what baptism is about, we descend into darkness to begin our new lives and come forth again. The new moon begins at darkness then light comes forth 1-3 days later. Messiah resurrected after 3 days, His people resurrect after 3 days (Hosea 6:1-2). Messiah speaks of the seed dying as a picture of resurrection (John 12:24) and Paul connects this as well (1 Corinthians 15:36).
The English word ‘moon’ traces back to the Hebrew word מונה ‘moneh’ which also has the meaning of time as the moon is used to measure time as well. The rising and setting of the sun points to the death and resurrection of Messiah. The moon follows the same path, reflecting the light of the sun as the bride of Messiah is to follow in His footsteps, reflecting His Light to the world.
Psa 89:36 His Seed shall be forever, and his throne as the sun before Me.
Psa 89:37 Like the moon, it shall be forever; and a faithful witness in the sky. Selah.
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